Eyebrow reconstruction as a hair transplant technique is based on the technology first reported by Krusis in Germany in 1914 and later by the Japanese in the 1930 and 40s. In 1943, Tamara reported that single-hair grafts should be used for the hair restoration as these would look the most natural. Nearly a half-century later, when the most advanced type of scalp hair transplantation consists of using naturally occurring follicular units containing 1-4 hairs, the most refined type of eyebrow transplant still consists of using individual hair follicles.

The advance in eyebrow hair restoration lies, therefore, not in the use of individual hairs – this has been known for a long time – but in the adoption of techniques used in scalp hair transplantation that enable the physician to carefully isolate these individual hair follicles from the donor scalp.

The specific technique is called stereo-microscopic dissection, and it enables the surgeon to generate a hair follicle that contains all the essential anatomic structures necessary for maximum survival and growth, but that is devoid of the excess tissue that makes traditional grafts too cumbersome for the nuanced restoration of the eyebrows.

A carefully dissected single-hair micro-graft, trimmed of excess epidermis, dermis and fat, has the flexibility to be inserted into the tiny opening made with a fine hypodermic needle and placed at an angle almost flush with the skin – two techniques that are essential for the most natural restoration. The tiny recipient sites allow the grafts to be placed very close together. However, when closely placed grafts are angled so acutely, the base of one follicle literally lies under the shaft of the next, so that any extra volume to the graft can leave an unnatural lumpiness on the brow. The slender, microscopically dissected grafts have no volume other than the functional follicle, so they are perfectly suited for this closely spaced, acutely angled graft placement.

The Hair Cycle

The normal hair cycle varies from months to years; depending upon the part of the body the hair is located. Each hair regenerative cycle has a growth phase called anagen and a resting phase called telogen. The anagen phase for scalp hair ranges from 3-6 years while the anagen phase of the eyebrow hair is significantly shorter. The rate of growth for scalp hairs ranges from .30-.41 mm per day (about a half inch per month), while the growth rate of the eyebrow hair is half of that.

When scalp hair is transplanted to the eyebrow, the longer hair cycle of the scalp hair makes it grow to a cosmetically unacceptable long length. This necessitates frequent trimming of the eyebrows that is not only a nuisance, but that produces a cut end that is less elegant than the finely pointed tip of an uncut hair.

Over time, the transplanted hair will assume some of the characteristics of the site that it was transplanted into and the length of the transplanted hair will begin to gradually decrease. It is not known if the transplanted follicles will eventually assume the full characteristics of the surrounding eyebrow hair, but work by Wang et al. suggests that influences of the recipient are more significant than was previously thought.

Indications for Eyebrow Hair Restoration and Reconstruction

A variety of conditions can result in a loss or alteration of the eyebrows. Probably the most common is self induced – caused by repeated plucking of the eyebrows for aesthetic reasons, or less often from a compulsive disorder called trichotillomania. Those who pluck hair as an obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) should not be transplanted without addressing the OCD first, since transplanting the eyebrow will fail as the patient returns to old habits.

Other forms of physical trauma that may result in loss of eyebrows include car accidents, burn injuries, defects from surgical procedures, and radio- and chemotherapy. Burns or trauma may result in the formation of scar tissue that initially precludes hair transplantation. In these cases, reconstructive surgery may be necessary before the eyebrow hair transplant can be accomplished. Thickened scars may respond to injections of corticosteroids and, once thin, may readily support the growth of transplanted hair.

Women with eyebrows that they deem to be too thin occasionally have them tattooed, but this almost invariably looks unnatural. The situation worsens as the pigment is engulfed by macrophages and brought deeper into the dermis causing the black-brown color to take on a bluish hue. The pigment can be successfully removed with lasers, but then the once thin eyebrows become totally devoid of hair.

A common dermatologic condition that may cause the loss of the eyebrows (and eyelashes as well) is alopecia areata. This is a genetic, auto-immune condition that manifests with the sudden onset of discrete, round patches of hair loss with normal underlying skin. It can be treated with injections of cortisone, but tends to re-occur.

Systemic diseases may also cause the loss of one’s eyebrows and there are also congenital abnormalities that are associated with the absence of eyebrows and/or eyelashes.

In some patients, the disappearance of one’s eyebrows is a normal occurrence with age and genetic hair loss results from the progressive thinning (miniaturization) of the hair until it is barely noticeable.

For any eyebrow transplant procedure to be successful, one must be certain that the underlying condition that caused the hair loss in the first place has been corrected. Once the hair loss is stable, hair restoration may be contemplated.

The Design

Persons who seek eyebrow hair restoration (or any hair transplant, for that matter) generally have particular desires, goals and prejudices on what the ideal shape of their hair should be. Creating natural looking eyebrows can be a difficult task because of the differences between a patient’s prejudices and normal eyebrow design. Eyebrows are as different as faces, so “normal” is a relative term. If beauty is the focus for females, there are rules that can be applied to help define a beautiful eyebrow. Men, who are not satisfied with their eyebrow shape, often want their eyebrows to have a special character, such as the look of Albert Einstein. Some men think that bushy eyebrows are the most desirable as they represent male virility or genius. Women, on the other hand, want delicacy and more well defined shapes. These differences in the preferences of each sex must be understood and incorporated in the design of the restoration from the outset.

Beauty is not just determined by a specific angle or a precise number of grafts. The art of the restoration requires that the surgeon gets “inside the head” of the patient and understands what he or she wants to achieve. In contrast to balding men, who often cannot remember where their hair was when they were young and who are thus open to any design that will give them hair, the person seeking eyebrow restoration often has very specific ideas in mind. The doctor’s job is to moderate the patient’s perspective and make sure that it is reasonable. Mistakes are in full view and can leave a patient with a problem that may require years of plucking to correct.

Proper angulation is the most important aspect of any eyebrow transplant. The hair in the upper part of the central edge of the eyebrow usually points upward to the hairline, while the hair on the lateral aspects points horizontally, towards the ears. The hair in the upper part of the eyebrow should be pointed slightly downward and the lower portion slightly upward, so that they will converge in the middle, forming a slight ridge and resembling the pattern of a feather.

The eyebrows must be put in flat, or they will stick out pointing forward. The surgeon controls the direction and the distribution as the hair is transplanted into the eyebrow, and fine skills are required to densely pack single hairs into the small needle tracks that make for an undetectable wound.

The Technique

The outline of the eyebrow transplant should be carefully delineated using a fine surgical marker according to the design that the doctor and patient had agreed upon during the consultation. Markings should also be used to indicate the directional change of the hair as one moves medial to lateral. It is often helpful to make these markings above the brow (outside the area that will be transplanted) so that they are not lost as the sites are being made.

Once the markings are complete, the patient should be given a mirror to make sure that this is what they had discussed and that the design is satisfactory. At this point we find it helpful for the physician to leave the room (another staff member should still be present) to give the patient a few minutes to reflect on the design.

A small amount of anesthetic should first be injected in the supra-trochlear and supra-orbital notches to create a nerve block to numb the medial and lateral aspects of the brow. Local infiltration using a mixture of xylocaine or bupivicaine and epinephrine can further anesthetize the area and provide rigidity to the eyebrows. Tumescence enables the physician to keep the recipient sites more superficial and at a more acute angle and minimizes bleeding. Due to the small volume of fluid needed, a separate tumescent mixture is generally not necessary. The use of corticosteroids and other particulate solutions should be avoided when injecting around the eyes.

Recipient sites should be created using 20-22g needles (or equivalent instruments), depending upon the coarseness of the hair. If the patient’s scalp hair is very light and fine, 2-hair grafts can be used in the central part of the brow to create extra density, but these grafts should not be placed near the edges.

Recipient sites should be created holding the instrument as flat as possible to the skin surface, as there is always some elevation of the graft in the normal process of healing. In making the sites, the instrument should be gripped between the thumb and the first and second fingers and held nearly flush to the skin surface. The instrument should not be held like a pencil, as this will not allow the angle to be significantly acute.

The number of grafts needed for the eyebrow hair transplant can vary greatly from as few as 75 per brow to as many as 350. Men generally require significant more grafts than women. It is helpful to make the recipient sites first so that one can determine exactly how many hairs need to be harvested. It is important to remember that follicular units will yield 2-3 grafts on average, depending upon the patient’s donor density.

If the donor hair is obtained from a strip, then one should excise 1 cm2 of tissue for every 200 grafts required (since there are approximately 100 follicular units averaging 2.3 hairs each per cm2). If hair is obtained via follicular unit extraction, then the staff should dissect the grafts into individual hairs as they are removed from the scalp, so that the doctor can determine exactly how many are needed.

In women, the finer hair in the area over the ears should generally be harvested. In men with fine hair and coarse eyebrows, the area adjacent to the occipital protuberance is usually the coarsest hair on the scalp and may be the best match.

The grafts should be inserted using fine jeweler’s forceps under loop magnification. The hair must be literally stuffed, rather than inserted, into the sites, as the site is too small to accommodate both the graft and the forceps.

No dressing is required post op and the patient is instructed to sleep with his/her head elevated. The following morning, the patient should gently irrigate the transplanted area to remove any dried crusts. This should be done in the shower at least three times the day following surgery and twice daily for a week. After each shower, an antibiotic ointment should be applied to the brow to help soften any crusts and enable to them to be more easily removed with the next washing. There is often bruising after the surgery that may take a week or more to subside to normal. Bruising is usually most apparent in older patients with significant sun damage.

As the transplanted hairs grow they will require occasional trimming. Using a gel or wax will help them keep the hairs flat as the hair has a tendency be unruly, particularly when they first start to grow. As mentioned above, the hair growth will tend to slow down over time and the hair will begin to assume some of the characteristics of the surrounding hair due to influence of the recipient site.

Patients should understand that two or more sessions may be required to achieve a desired look. Sessions are best spaced a minimum of eight months apart so that the doctor may have the benefit of seeing the first session actually grow in before planning the second.

Challenges of Eyebrow Transplants

When eyebrows are transplanted using scalp hair, they invariably retain some of their donor area hair characteristics of shape, shaft thickness and growth rates. If a person has coarse hair and fine eyebrows, a transplant from the scalp may not be a good match, particularly for a woman who requires delicacy of the new transplanted eyebrow. It is possible to decrease the diameter of the hair shaft by trimming off part, or all of the bulb, but this risks producing an irregularly shaped hair.

Curly eyebrows from an African American kinky haired person with coarse hair may not produce the directional control that the patient needs in a transplant (as African hair has a strong character, particularly in the coarse haired person). As such, some people may not be good candidates for an eyebrow transplant. With newer placing techniques, it is now possible to place the hair so that the curve is oriented in the appropriate direction.

As part of the normal healing process, wounds tend to contract. As a consequence, the cylindrical defect created by the transplanted hair will tend to contract and orient itself more vertically. This will tend to lift the hair slightly away from the skin giving the brow a bushier, unruly appearance. Making the recipient sites at a very acute angle can partially compensate for this, but some elevation may still occur.

Conclusion

Eyebrow transplantation is a safe, out-patient procedure that can significantly enhance one’s appearance. It is particularly helpful for those individuals who have defective eyebrows caused by disease, accidents or that have been self-induced. However, eyebrow restoration is a nuanced procedure that demands technical skills and artistic knowledge beyond that required for the treatment of a balding scalp. For those physicians who have the aesthetic inclination and who are interested in taking time to develop the special skills necessary for this procedure, eyebrow restoration can produce a significant improvement in the appearance of select patients.

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Perfect scheduling of your hair care procedures is very important for healthy treatment of your hair. It is very important to match correct timing and ideal products in order to receive perfect result and have healthy, strong, and silky locks.

Obviously, it’s not enough to just wash and condition your hair to achieve a healthy look. According to the recent polls, people who never go further than washing and drying are not satisfied with the state of their hair health.

The key to achieving great healthy locks is designing your personal hair treatment program. By doing this you will achieve great results in less time. You will have healthy hair and good mood.

Moreover, you’ll be able at last to have any hairstyle you want. Nothing will stop you from making the hottest hairstyle possible, and you will create that Sedu hairstyle you’ve always wanted to have. Everybody will go nuts with jealousy about how great you look with your perfect and gorgeous Sedu hairstyle.

So, let’s start. Make sure to include all of the following to achieve the best results. Remember that hard work brings double profit.

Section 1: Hair Washing

Though all of us wash their hair, many of us do it in a wrong way. This of course can’t benefit to the health of your hair.

To wash the hair correctly you should apply small amount of shampoo to your hair. Massage your hair gently until you form the foam hat around your head. Rinse the hair with warm water. Then rinse again for a minute only with the mildly hot water. It opens up the cuticle of the hair to help the conditioner absorb.

You should wash your hair 3 times a week at least. If you can manage it, make hair washing your daily routine. By doing so you ensure cleanness of your hair that is the first step to its health.

Shampoo is one of the most necessary hygienic products. So, it should also be chosen correctly to match your hair type, level of hair damage, or color pattern.

If you wash your hair correctly you avoid over drying of the scalp and of the hair itself. This is the first step to healthy and Sedu hairstyle.

Section 2: Hair Conditioning

This section of hair treatment is usually omitted by the greatest part of people. But it is wrong. Conditioners were made to let you easily comb your hair, protect hair from frizz or pulling during the blowdrying and combing.

When wet, our hair has greater elasticity than when it is dry. So, if you do not use the conditioner, you may stretch your hair half its normal length, which is not good for its health.

That’s why when you omit conditioning stage of the hair treatment process; you absolutely agree to have your hair pulled, frizzy, or damaged.

To apply conditioner follow these steps:

• After washing out shampoo with warm and hot water, squeeze as much moisture out of the hair as possible;

• Apply small amount of the conditioner on the hair and spread it along the hair length;

• Put on the shower cap to avoid loose of the conditioner through dripping, and leave for 5 min;

• Rinse the hair with the warm water and then with the cold water;

• Squeeze the moisture, wrap the head with the towel for a minute or two;

• Remove the towel and apply leave-in conditioner, spread it along the hair length;

• Let your hair air dry or make a blow drying.

Application of the conditioner is vital to eliminate frizz in the hair. You ensure its smoothness, and move one more step towards Sedu hairstyle.

Section 3: Hair Masks and Serums

Hair masks and serums are usually applied with, or instead of the conditioner. They are used to eliminate frizz, add volume, or improve state of hair health.

The best schedule for applying hair mask/serum is twice a week for a month. Then make a break for a month and apply again. If the hair is over processed, you can apply mask/serum up to four times a week.

To apply hair mask/serum follow these steps:

• Wash your hair and towel dry it;

• Apply conditioner, if needed;

• Apply hair mask/serum and comb hair from roots to tips to distribute the product;

• Twist your hair on the back and put a shower cap;

• Cover your head with the towel and leave for the recommended time;

• Rinse the hair and let it air dry.

It is better to air dry the hair when applying hair masks/serums. Masks and serums are usually more effective for the overprocessed hair, than conditioner. They help to cure hair damage, add strength to the hair cuticles and revive hair in general.

By applying hair masks and serums you protect your hair against external influence, thus moving closer to Sedu Beauty.

Section 4: Blow Drying

Blow drying is very important in hair care schedule because it is one of the most used procedures in our everyday hair care routine.

So, what you should and what you shouldn’t do when or if blow drying the hair:

1. You shouldn’t blow dry your hair every day. Establish blow-dry-free days for your hair. It will most certainly thank you for this.

2. You should towel dry your hair completely before blow drying.

3. You shouldn’t blow dry soaky wet hair. Remove moisture first, and then switch to a cool setting to lock in shape and curl.

4. You should dry the bottom part of the hair first because otherwise you may have damp hair underneath of the over dried one.

5. You shouldn’t bring blow dryer closer than ½ feet to your hair, or you will over dry the scalp.

Of course, when you dry your hair in the morning it is impossible to air dry the hair. But careful and cautious treatment of hair can reduce the harmful effect of the blow drying. Make regular trims to help your hair recover quickly and gain extra force. Switch to the thermal protective products that coat and protect your cuticle.

Having your hair dry before styling is crucial, as wet or damp hair can be severely damaged during straightening or curling. Such damage will most certainly spoil your Sedu hairstyle.

Section 5: Styling

Styling is one of the essential parts of the hair treatment when we speak about our overall image. By styling I mean applying of the styling products and creating some shape of your hair. It includes straightening, curling, updoing, plaiting, braiding, and so on.

Styling shouldn’t be done everyday, as it is most harmful for our hair. Your hair needs the same days off as with the blow drying.

Be careful with applying hot tools like straightening or curling irons. Take care to follow all instructions and use recommended temperature set.

Styling products like mousse or wax should be washed out before going to sleep, or in the morning you will have the most dreadful tangles you’ve ever seen.

However, in the same time styling helps to tame the hair. This procedure appears of the primary importance for people with unmanageable or uncontrollable hair. So, don’t be afraid to use it in Sedu hairstyling.

Section 6: Cutting

Hair cuts are essential for every one with no regard to the length of hair. Moreover, the longer the hair the more important it is to trim the ends regularly.

Recommended schedule for ends’ trimming is 8-10 weeks for squarely cut long hair.

If you have a hair cut, you need fresh-ups according to the following pattern:

• 3-4 weeks for short haircuts;

• 5-6 weeks for medium haircuts;

• 6-7 weeks for long haircuts.

Trimming is also necessary in order to avoid split ends and secure general health of the hair itself, because your hair doesn’t waste its inner forces and nutrition to cure damaged ends.

So, now after we went through all procedures necessary to have healthy, smooth and silky Sedu hairstyle, all you need to do is to arrange personal hair care schedule that will suit your hair type and the level of the hair damage.

This schedule will ensure that you will be able to create perfect healthy, smooth, and silky Sedu hairstyle. From now on, forget about bad hair days.

Anti aging and wrinkle reduction skin care products are a rage in these times and sell very well. But it is important to safeguard against the big scam going on behind these products. This article shall throw light on the ugly facts behind the so called \”best skin care products\”.

When I talk about professional skin care products, I don\’t mean skin care products which are expensive and sold in luxurious high end malls. I also do not mean skin care products that have been endorsed by popular celebrities who have just lent their name for the sake of receiving huge royalties, without even using them even once!

By professional and best skin care products, I mean those skin care products that have been scientifically proven in improving skin health and youth naturally.

If we look at skin care product effectiveness, you should take into notice that the money spent on celebrity endorsements and expensive advertisements on television and glossy magazines does not contribute even a little bit to the product quality. All it does is that is makes the skin care products much more expensive and unaffordable.

The most important thing that you should consider while selecting the best skin care products is to check the quality of natural ingredients used in them. You should check that they are scientifically proven effective in enhancing skin health and youth naturally.

The Ugly Collagen Scam to watch out against

There is a lot of hype going on around skin care products containing collagen and elastin. These are being advertised heavily. But you should safeguard yourself against this big scam going on. I will tell you the scientific evidence behind this.

Basically, collagen and elastin are the two essential skin proteins present in our body and produced naturally. In young age, their production is in sufficient quantity, but as we mature, their output begins to decelerate. This is what leads to skin aging symptoms like wrinkles, old age spots, saggy skin and imbalanced skin complexion.

So, we all know that collagen and elastin play a key role in providing us young, firm and supple skin. Now, the skin care products manufacturers misuse this concept and take unfair advantage of the public. They add collagen and elastin into their products and tout it as skin rejuvenating and anti aging.

But they don\’t tell you some really shocking information. The reality is that scientific trials have proven that collagen and elastin present in such skin care products cannot be absorbed by the skin because its molecule is too large. It is rejected by the uppermost layer of our skin called Epidermis!

These hardcore scientific facts can be confirmed by any well known dermatologist or a reputed medical website.

Therefore, the correct way of restoring skin youth is not by using collagen based skin care products, but by using best skin care products that have natural ingredients that enhance the body\’s own production of collagen and elastin.

Such amazing natural substances have been found that help in achieving just that. One such name is Cynergy TK. It has been pioneered in New Zealand. It is unique in the fact that it helps the natural production of collagen and elastin by the body itself.

It also helps significantly improve skin moisture retention and elasticity. It is an extraordinary antioxidant. Its enzymatic form of antioxidants help in neutralizing free radical damage before it occurs and thus prevents premature skin aging.

All these wonderful characteristics of Cynergy TK make it the best skin rejuvenation and anti aging natural substance that has been discovered till date. It is being used very successfully in the best skin care products, but it is currently only being produced by select niche skin care product manufacturers.

Visit my website to learn more about more such marvelous natural substances that have been scientifically proven effective in providing young and healthy skin naturally.

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A natural bath and body product has ingredients that are made solely from natural ingredients from herbs, oils, roots and flower extracts. To help retain their nutrients, these ingredients are often mixed with other agents. The agents used are humectants, preservatives, surfactants and emulsifiers such as mineral water, oils and soap. Basically, a natural bath and body product carries no synthetic chemicals.

Can I make my own natural bath and body skin care solution?

You definitely can. Many people make skin care solutions in their kitchen. Salt baths can be easily created with some kitchen sea salt, natural oils and even herbs like turmeric. But since there is now a growing number of companies that are promoting the natural bath and body product, we no longer have to spend time in the kitchen pounding on orange peels into a pulp or blending ingredients before being able to use them on our skin. Therefore, using a natural product is definitely more convenient. The product is ready in a jar and can be stored easily.

What are the benefits of using a natural bath and body product?

Natural bath and body products actually work from the inside out. The ingredients found in the natural bath and body product actually work with your skin’s natural functions. For example, they are able to stimulate the normal production of sebum in your skin. They are also able to build natural barriers to protect and support healthy skin without the harshness. Basically, the natural bath and body product is like fitting a glove over cold hands rather than applying heat, which may burn or cause dryness.

These natural products are very light and gentle on the skin and does not harm the natural processes of the body. This means you can take as many baths as you want with the product without developing skin irritation.

The agents mixed in natural body and bath products can also control the toxic ingredients of natural derivatives like vegetable and animal extracts. Therefore, natural bath and body products are preferred over home made concoctions.

Third, natural bath and body products can have medicinal value. Thousands of years ago humans have been using natural ingredients to treat simple cuts to deep wounds. It’s no wonder natural products are now being manufactured to heal the body as well as the senses. For example, lavender oil used in a bath can promote both a soothing and relaxing effect.

One downside about the natural bath and body product is that it does not have a long shelf life. However, this is because it has no added chemicals. Also, the product may not act as immediate remedy for severe skin conditions, but can be safer as a gentle treatment that gives you positive effects in the long run. For best results, use natural bath and body products for skin health maintenance.